The best two biographies of Keats are:

Bate, Walter J. John Keats. Cambridge: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1963.

Ward, Aileen. John Keats; the Making of a Poet. New York: Viking Press, 1963.




A Short Timeline

31 October 1795

John Keats is born at Finsbury, just north of London, the eldest child of Thomas and Frances Jennings Keats. His father was headkeeper at a livery stable.

28 February 1797

George Keats is born.

18 November 1799

Tom Keats is born.

28 April 1801

Edward Keats is born.

1802

Edward Keats dies.

In December, the Keats family moves to the Swan and Hoop Inn and Stables. Thomas and Frances Keats take over the business from Keats' grandfather.

3 June 1803

Frances Mary (Fanny) Keats is born.

1803

John and George attend John Clarke's school in Enfield. This is a boarding school about twelve miles north of London.

16 April 1804

After visiting John and George at Enfield, Thomas Keats is killed by a fall from his horse.

27 June 1804

Frances Keats marries William Rawlings, and the children go to live with their maternal grandparents at Enfield.

8 March 1805

John's grandfather dies. After his death Frances disappears for over three years, leaving the children with their grandmother in Lower Edmonton, a suburb of London.

1809

Frances returns to the family; she now has tuberculosis. John tends to her.

1810

Frances dies of tuberculosis. John's grandmother turns over care of the children to a guardian, Richard Abbey, a businessman from London.

1811-15

Apprenticed to Thomas Hammond, an apothecary-surgeon. In 1811, completes a prose translation of The Aeneid, begun at school.

1814

Writes first poetry. In December his grandmother dies, and the family home is broken up.

1815

Enters Guy's Hospital, London, for further medical training.

1816

On May 5 his first published poem, "O Solitude," appears in Leigh Hunt's Examiner. In October writes "On First Looking into Chapman's Homer," published in December. Meets Hunt, Benjamin Haydon, John Hamilton Reynolds, and Shelley. By the spring of 1817, gives up the idea of medical practice.

1817

In March, moves with brothers to Hampstead, sees the Elgin Marbles with Haydon, and publishes his first collection, Poems. Composes "Endymion" between April and November. Reads Milton, Shakespeare, and Coleridge and rereads Wordsworth during the year.

1818

"Endymion" is published in April, unfavorably reviewed in September, and defended by Reynolds in October. During the summer goes on walking tour of the lake country and Scotland, but returns to London in mid-August with a sore throat and severe chills. His brother Tom also seriously ill by late summer, dying on December 1. In September, Keats first meets Fanny Brawne. Brother George and bride emigrate to America.

1819

Writes "The Eve of St. Agnes" in January, revises it in September. Fanny Brawne and her mother move into the other half of the double house in which Keats lives in April. During April and May writes "La Belle Sans Merci" and all the major odes except "To Autumn," which is written in September. Rental arrangements force separation from Fanny Brawne during the summer (Keats on Isle of Wight from June to August), and in the fall he tries to break his dependence on her, but they become engaged by Christmas. Earlier in December suffers a recurrence of his sore throat.

1820

In February has a severe hemorrhage and in June an attack of blood-spitting. In July his doctor orders him to Italy for the winter; he sails in September and finally arrives in Rome on November 15. In July a volume of poems are published: Lamia, Isabella, The Eve of St. Agnes and Other Poems. Fanny Brawne nurses him through the late summer.

1821

Dies at 11 P.M., February 23. Buried in the English Cemetery at Rome. News of his death reaches London on March 17.




Sources

Barnard, John. John Keats. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1987.

Bate, Walter J. John Keats. Cambridge: Belknap Press of Harvard UP, 1963.

Chilcott, Tim. A Publisher and His Circle: The Life and Work of John Taylor, Keats's Publisher. London: Routledge and K. Paul, 1972.

Clarke, Charles C, and Mary C. Clarke. Recollections of Writers. New York: C. Scribner's Sons, 1878.

Colvin, Sidney. John Keats; His Life and Poetry, His Friends, Critics and After-Fame. New York: Octagon Books, 1970.

Ford, George H. Keats and the Victorians: A Study of His Influence and Rise to Fame, 1821-1895. Hamden, CT: Archon Books, 1962.

Gittings, Robert. John Keats. Boston: Little, Brown, 1968.

Hewlett, Dorothy. Adonais: A Life of John Keats. London: Hurst and Blackett, 1937.

Hunt, Leigh. Lord Byron and Some of His Contemporaries. London: H. Colburn, 1966.

———. The Autobiography of Leigh Hunt: With Reminiscences of Friends and Contemporaries. 3 vols. New York: Harper & Bros, 1850.

Keats, John, and Richard M. Milnes. Life, Letters, and Literary Remains, of John Keats. 2 vols. London: E. Moxon, 1848.

Keats, John. The Letters of John Keats, 1814–1821. Ed. H. E. Rollins. 2 vols. Cambridge: Harvard UP, 1958.

———. John Keats. Ed. Elizabeth Cook. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1990.

Lowell, Amy. John Keats. 2 vols. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1925.

Marquess, William H. Lives of the Poet: The First Century of Keats Biography. University Park, PA: Pennsylvania State UP, 1985.

Matthews, Geoffrey, ed. Keats: the Critical Heritage. New York: Barnes & Noble, 1971.

Motion, Andrew. Keats. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1998.

Mullan, John, Jennifer Wallace, et. al., eds. Lives of the Great Romantics by Their Contemporaries, II. Brookfield, VT: Pickering & Chatto, 1997.

Ricks, Christopher. Keats and Embarrassment. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1974.

Roe, Nicholas. John Keats and the Culture of Dissent. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1997.

Rollins, H. E. The Keats Circle: Letters and Papers, and More Letters and Poems of the Keats Circle. Cambridge: Harvard UP, 1965.

Thompson, A. Hamilton. Selections from the Poems of John Keats. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1915.

Ward, Aileen. John Keats: The Making of a Poet. New York: Viking Press, 1963.




Copyright © Lydia Biggs, 2016